powerflow/triplex_line.cpp

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#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#include "line.h"

CLASS* triplex_line::oclass = NULL;
CLASS* triplex_line::pclass = NULL;

triplex_line::triplex_line(MODULE *mod) : line(mod)
{
    if(oclass == NULL)
    {
        pclass = line::oclass;
        
        oclass = gl_register_class(mod,"triplex_line",sizeof(triplex_line),PC_PRETOPDOWN|PC_BOTTOMUP|PC_POSTTOPDOWN|PC_UNSAFE_OVERRIDE_OMIT|PC_AUTOLOCK);
        if (oclass==NULL)
            throw "unable to register class triplex_line";
        else
            oclass->trl = TRL_PROVEN;

        if(gl_publish_variable(oclass,
            PT_INHERIT, "line",
            NULL) < 1) GL_THROW("unable to publish properties in %s",__FILE__);

        //Publish deltamode functions
        if (gl_publish_function(oclass, "interupdate_pwr_object", (FUNCTIONADDR)interupdate_link)==NULL)
            GL_THROW("Unable to publish triplex line deltamode function");
        if (gl_publish_function(oclass, "recalc_distribution_line", (FUNCTIONADDR)recalc_triplex_line)==NULL)
            GL_THROW("Unable to publish triplex line recalc function");

        //Publish restoration-related function (current update)
        if (gl_publish_function(oclass, "update_power_pwr_object", (FUNCTIONADDR)updatepowercalc_link)==NULL)
            GL_THROW("Unable to publish triplex line external power calculation function");
        if (gl_publish_function(oclass, "check_limits_pwr_object", (FUNCTIONADDR)calculate_overlimit_link)==NULL)
            GL_THROW("Unable to publish triplex line external power limit calculation function");
    }
}

int triplex_line::create(void)
{
    int result = line::create();
    return result;
}

int triplex_line::isa(char *classname)
{
    return strcmp(classname,"triplex_line")==0 || line::isa(classname);
}

int triplex_line::init(OBJECT *parent)
{
    double *temp_rating_value = NULL;
    double temp_rating_continuous = 10000.0;
    double temp_rating_emergency = 20000.0;
    char index;
    OBJECT *temp_obj;
    OBJECT *obj = OBJECTHDR(this);
    triplex_line_configuration *temp_config = NULL;
    
    int result = line::init(parent);

    if (!has_phase(PHASE_S))
        gl_warning("%s (%s:%d) is triplex but doesn't have phases S set", obj->name, obj->oclass->name, obj->id);
        /*  TROUBLESHOOT
        A triplex line has been used, but this triplex line does not have the phase S designated to indicate it
        contains single-phase components.  Without this specified, you may get invalid results.
        */

    //Check phase validity
    phase_conductor_checks();

    recalc();

    //Map the line configuration
    temp_config = OBJECTDATA(configuration,triplex_line_configuration);

    //Values are populated now - populate link ratings parameter
    if (temp_config->phaseA_conductor != NULL || temp_config->phaseB_conductor != NULL) {
        for (index=0; index<2; index++)
        {
            if (index==0)
            {
                temp_obj = temp_config->phaseA_conductor;
            }
            else
            {
                temp_obj = temp_config->phaseB_conductor;
            }

            //See if Phase exists
            if (temp_obj != NULL)
            {
                //Get continuous - summer
                temp_rating_value = get_double(temp_obj,"rating.summer.continuous");

                //Check if NULL
                if (temp_rating_value != NULL)
                {
                    //Update - if necessary
                    if (temp_rating_continuous > *temp_rating_value)
                    {
                        temp_rating_continuous = *temp_rating_value;
                    }
                }

                //Get continuous - winter
                temp_rating_value = get_double(temp_obj,"rating.winter.continuous");

                //Check if NULL
                if (temp_rating_value != NULL)
                {
                    //Update - if necessary
                    if (temp_rating_continuous > *temp_rating_value)
                    {
                        temp_rating_continuous = *temp_rating_value;
                    }
                }

                //Now get emergency - summer
                temp_rating_value = get_double(temp_obj,"rating.summer.emergency");

                //Check if NULL
                if (temp_rating_value != NULL)
                {
                    //Update - if necessary
                    if (temp_rating_emergency > *temp_rating_value)
                    {
                        temp_rating_emergency = *temp_rating_value;
                    }
                }

                //Now get emergency - winter
                temp_rating_value = get_double(temp_obj,"rating.winter.emergency");

                //Check if NULL
                if (temp_rating_value != NULL)
                {
                    //Update - if necessary
                    if (temp_rating_emergency > *temp_rating_value)
                    {
                        temp_rating_emergency = *temp_rating_value;
                    }
                }

                //Populate link array
                link_rating[0][index] = temp_rating_continuous;
                link_rating[1][index] = temp_rating_emergency;
            }//End Phase valid
        }//End FOR
    }
    else {
        temp_obj = configuration;
        //See if configuration exists
        if (temp_obj != NULL)
        {
            //Get continuous - summer
            temp_rating_value = get_double(temp_obj,"rating.summer.continuous");

            //Check if NULL
            if (temp_rating_value != NULL)
            {
                //Update - if necessary
                if (temp_rating_continuous > *temp_rating_value)
                {
                    temp_rating_continuous = *temp_rating_value;
                }
            }

            //Get continuous - winter
            temp_rating_value = get_double(temp_obj,"rating.winter.continuous");

            //Check if NULL
            if (temp_rating_value != NULL)
            {
                //Update - if necessary
                if (temp_rating_continuous > *temp_rating_value)
                {
                    temp_rating_continuous = *temp_rating_value;
                }
            }

            //Now get emergency - summer
            temp_rating_value = get_double(temp_obj,"rating.summer.emergency");

            //Check if NULL
            if (temp_rating_value != NULL)
            {
                //Update - if necessary
                if (temp_rating_emergency > *temp_rating_value)
                {
                    temp_rating_emergency = *temp_rating_value;
                }
            }

            //Now get emergency - winter
            temp_rating_value = get_double(temp_obj,"rating.winter.emergency");

            //Check if NULL
            if (temp_rating_value != NULL)
            {
                //Update - if necessary
                if (temp_rating_emergency > *temp_rating_value)
                {
                    temp_rating_emergency = *temp_rating_value;
                }
            }

            //Populate link array
            link_rating[0][0] = link_rating[0][1] = link_rating[0][2] = temp_rating_continuous;
            link_rating[1][0] = link_rating[1][1] = link_rating[1][2] = temp_rating_emergency;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

//Phase checking routine -- make sure triplex components ARE triplex
void triplex_line::phase_conductor_checks(void)
{
    //Map the configuration and object header
    OBJECT *obj = OBJECTHDR(this);
    triplex_line_configuration *line_config = OBJECTDATA(configuration,triplex_line_configuration);

    //See if an impedance matrix is specified first -- if so, skip this
    if ((line_config->impedance11 == 0.0) && (line_config->impedance22 == 0.0))
    {
        //Check all three conductors -- make sure they're triplex
        if (line_config->phaseA_conductor != NULL)  //1
        {
            //Make sure it is a valid conductor
            if (gl_object_isa(line_config->phaseA_conductor,"triplex_line_conductor","powerflow") != true)
            {
                GL_THROW("triplex_line:%d - %s - configuration does not use a triplex_line_conductor for at least one phase!",obj->id,(obj->name ? obj->name : "Unnamed"));
                /*  TROUBLESHOOT
                A triplex_line has an object specified for conductor_1, conductor_2, or conductor_N that is not a triplex_line_conductor object.
                Fix this and try again.
                */
            }
            //Default else -- it's a valid conductor
        }
        else
        {
            GL_THROW("triplex_line:%d - %s - configuration doesn't have a valid phase conductor!",obj->id,(obj->name ? obj->name : "Unnamed"));
            /*  TROUBLSHOOT
            A triplex_line's triplex_line_configuration does not have the proper phase specified for the conductor
             */
        }

        if (line_config->phaseB_conductor != NULL)  //2
        {
            //Make sure it is a valid conductor
            if (gl_object_isa(line_config->phaseB_conductor,"triplex_line_conductor","powerflow") != true)
            {
                GL_THROW("triplex_line:%d - %s - configuration does not use a triplex_line_conductor for at least one phase!",obj->id,(obj->name ? obj->name : "Unnamed"));
                //Defined above
            }
            //Default else -- it's a valid conductor
        }
        else
        {
            GL_THROW("triplex_line:%d - %s - configuration doesn't have a valid phase conductor!",obj->id,(obj->name ? obj->name : "Unnamed"));
            //Defined above
        }

        if (line_config->phaseC_conductor != NULL)  //N
        {
            //Make sure it is a valid conductor
            if (gl_object_isa(line_config->phaseC_conductor,"triplex_line_conductor","powerflow") != true)
            {
                GL_THROW("triplex_line:%d - %s - configuration does not use a triplex_line_conductor for at least one phase!",obj->id,(obj->name ? obj->name : "Unnamed"));
                //Defined above
            }
            //Default else -- it's a valid conductor
        }
        else
        {
            GL_THROW("triplex_line:%d - %s - configuration doesn't have a valid phase conductor!",obj->id,(obj->name ? obj->name : "Unnamed"));
            //Defined above
        }
    }//End not specified as impedance directly
    //Default else -- was an impedance specification, so skip this
}

void triplex_line::recalc(void)
{
    triplex_line_configuration *line_config = OBJECTDATA(configuration,triplex_line_configuration);

    OBJECT *obj = OBJECTHDR(this);
    
    if (line_config->impedance11 != 0.0 || line_config->impedance22 != 0.0)
    {
        gl_warning("Using a 2x2 z-matrix, instead of geometric values, is an under-determined system. Ground and/or neutral currents will be incorrect.");
    
        complex miles = complex(length/5280,0);
        if ((solver_method == SM_FBS) || (solver_method == SM_NR))
        {
            b_mat[0][0] = B_mat[0][0] = line_config->impedance11 * miles;
            b_mat[0][1] = B_mat[0][1] = line_config->impedance12 * miles;
            b_mat[1][0] = B_mat[1][0] = line_config->impedance21 * miles;
            b_mat[1][1] = B_mat[1][1] = line_config->impedance22 * miles; 
            b_mat[2][0] = B_mat[2][0] = complex(0,0);
            b_mat[2][1] = B_mat[2][1] = complex(0,0);
            b_mat[2][2] = B_mat[2][2] = complex(0,0);
            b_mat[0][2] = B_mat[0][2] = complex(0,0);
            b_mat[1][2] = B_mat[1][2] = complex(0,0);

            tn[0] = 0;
            tn[1] = 0;
            tn[2] = 0;
        }
        else
            GL_THROW("Only NR and FBS support z-matrix components.");

    }
    else
    {
        // create local variables that will be used to calculate matrices.
        double dcond,ins_thick,D12,D13,D23;
        double r1,r2,rn,gmr1,gmr2,gmrn;
        complex zp11,zp22,zp33,zp12,zp13,zp23;
        complex zs[3][3];
        double freq_coeff_real, freq_coeff_imag, freq_additive_term;

        //Calculate coefficients for self and mutual impedance - incorporates frequency values
        //Per Kersting (4.39) and (4.40) - coefficients end up same as OHLs
        if (enable_frequency_dependence == true)    //See which frequency to use
        {
            freq_coeff_real = 0.00158836*current_frequency;
            freq_coeff_imag = 0.00202237*current_frequency;
            freq_additive_term = log(EARTH_RESISTIVITY/current_frequency)/2.0 + 7.6786;
        }
        else
        {
            freq_coeff_real = 0.00158836*nominal_frequency;
            freq_coeff_imag = 0.00202237*nominal_frequency;
            freq_additive_term = log(EARTH_RESISTIVITY/nominal_frequency)/2.0 + 7.6786;
        }

        // Gather data stored in configuration objects
        dcond = line_config->diameter;
        ins_thick = line_config->ins_thickness;

        triplex_line_conductor *l1 = OBJECTDATA(line_config->phaseA_conductor,triplex_line_conductor);
        triplex_line_conductor *l2 = OBJECTDATA(line_config->phaseB_conductor,triplex_line_conductor);
        triplex_line_conductor *lN = OBJECTDATA(line_config->phaseC_conductor,triplex_line_conductor);

        if (l1 == NULL || l2 == NULL || lN == NULL)
        {
            GL_THROW("triplex_line_configuration:%d (%s) is missing a conductor specification.",line_config->get_id(),line_config->get_name());
            /* TROUBLESHOOT
            At this point, triplex lines are assumed to have three conductor values: conductor_1, conductor_2,
            and conductor_N.  If any of these are missing, the triplex line cannot be specified.  Please
            verify that your triplex_line_configuration object contains all of the neccessary conductor values.
            */
        }

        r1 = l1->resistance;
        r2 = l2->resistance;
        rn = lN->resistance;
        gmr1 = l1->geometric_mean_radius;
        gmr2 = l2->geometric_mean_radius;
        gmrn = lN->geometric_mean_radius;

        // Perform calculations and fill in values in the matrices
        D12 = (dcond + 2 * ins_thick)/12;
        D13 = (dcond + ins_thick)/12;
        D23 = D13;

        if (D12 <= 0.0 || D13 <= 0.0)
        {
            GL_THROW("triplex_line_configuration diameter and/or insulation_thickness are incorrectly set. Please set both of these values to a positive value.");
            /* TROUBLESHOOT
            The triplex line configuration requires that the spacing between conductors (diameter + 2*insulation_thickness) &
            (diameter + insulation_thickness) must be positive values.  Please look at your triplex_line_configuration to verify
            that one or both of these variables are set to positive values.  A good resource for the geometrical configuration is
            William H. Kersting, "Distribution System Modeling and Analysis, 3rd Ed.", Chapter 11.
            */
        }

        zp11 = complex(r1,0) + freq_coeff_real + complex(0.0,freq_coeff_imag) * (log(1/gmr1) + freq_additive_term);
        zp22 = complex(r2,0) + freq_coeff_real + complex(0.0,freq_coeff_imag) * (log(1/gmr2) + freq_additive_term);
        zp33 = complex(rn,0) + freq_coeff_real + complex(0.0,freq_coeff_imag) * (log(1/gmrn) + freq_additive_term);
        zp12 = complex(freq_coeff_real,0.0) + complex(0.0,freq_coeff_imag) * (log(1/D12) + freq_additive_term);
        zp13 = complex(freq_coeff_real,0.0) + complex(0.0,freq_coeff_imag) * (log(1/D13) + freq_additive_term);
        zp23 = complex(freq_coeff_real,0.0) + complex(0.0,freq_coeff_imag) * (log(1/D23) + freq_additive_term);
        
        if ((solver_method==SM_FBS) || (solver_method==SM_NR))
        {
            zs[0][0] = zp11-((zp13*zp13)/zp33);
            zs[0][1] = zp12-((zp13*zp23)/zp33);
            zs[1][0] = -(zp12-((zp13*zp23)/zp33));
            zs[1][1] = -(zp22-((zp23*zp23)/zp33));
            zs[0][2] = complex(0,0);
            zs[1][2] = complex(0,0);
            zs[2][2] = complex(0,0);
            zs[2][1] = complex(0,0);
            zs[2][0] = complex(0,0);
        }
        else
        {
            GL_THROW("triplex_line:unsupported solver method");
            /*  TROUBLESHOOT
            While computing the impedance values for a triplex_line, an invalid solver method was used.
            Please use only the supported solvers (FBS and NR), or adjust the triplex_line code to accommodate
            your new method.
            */
        }

        
        //No solver check here -- NR and FBS are the same, and if it is something else, it should have failed above
        tn[0] = -zp13/zp33;
        tn[1] = -zp23/zp33;
        tn[2] = 0;

        multiply(length/5280.0,zs,b_mat); // Length comes in ft, convert to miles.
        multiply(length/5280.0,zs,B_mat);
    }
    
    //Check for negative resistance in the line's impedance matrix
    bool neg_res = false;
    for (int n = 0; n < 2; n++){
        if(b_mat[0][n].Re() < 0.0){
            neg_res = true;
        }
    }
    
    if(neg_res == true){
        gl_warning("INIT: triplex_line:%s has a negative resistance in it's impedance matrix. This will result in unusual behavior. Please check the line's geometry and cable parameters.", obj->name);
        /*  TROUBLESHOOT
        A negative resistance value was found for one or more the real parts of the triplex_line's impedance matrix.
        While this is numerically possible, it is a physical impossibility. This resulted most likely from a improperly 
        defined conductor cable. Please check and modify the conductor objects used for this line to correct this issue.
        */
    }

    // Same in all cases
    a_mat[0][0] = complex(1,0);
    a_mat[0][1] = complex(0,0);
    a_mat[0][2] = complex(0,0);
    a_mat[1][0] = complex(0,0);
    a_mat[1][1] = complex(1,0);
    a_mat[1][2] = complex(0,0);
    a_mat[2][0] = complex(0,0);
    a_mat[2][1] = complex(0,0);
    a_mat[2][2] = complex(1,0); 
    
    c_mat[0][0] = complex(0,0);
    c_mat[0][1] = complex(0,0);
    c_mat[0][2] = complex(0,0);
    c_mat[1][0] = complex(0,0);
    c_mat[1][1] = complex(0,0);
    c_mat[1][2] = complex(0,0);
    c_mat[2][0] = complex(0,0);
    c_mat[2][1] = complex(0,0);
    c_mat[2][2] = complex(0,0);
    
    d_mat[0][0] = complex(1,0);
    d_mat[0][1] = complex(0,0);
    d_mat[0][2] = complex(0,0);
    d_mat[1][0] = complex(0,0);
    d_mat[1][1] = complex(1,0);
    d_mat[1][2] = complex(0,0);
    d_mat[2][0] = complex(0,0);
    d_mat[2][1] = complex(0,0);
    d_mat[2][2] = complex(1,0);
    
    A_mat[0][0] = complex(1,0);
    A_mat[0][1] = complex(0,0);
    A_mat[0][2] = complex(0,0);
    A_mat[1][0] = complex(0,0);
    A_mat[1][1] = complex(1,0);
    A_mat[1][2] = complex(0,0);
    A_mat[2][0] = complex(0,0);
    A_mat[2][1] = complex(0,0);
    A_mat[2][2] = complex(1,0);

    // print out matrices when testing.
#ifdef _TESTING
    if (show_matrix_values)
    {
        gl_testmsg("triplex_line: a matrix");
        print_matrix(a_mat);

        gl_testmsg("triplex_line: A matrix");
        print_matrix(A_mat);

        gl_testmsg("triplex_line: b matrix");
        print_matrix(b_mat);

        gl_testmsg("triplex_line: B matrix");
        print_matrix(B_mat);

        gl_testmsg("triplex_line: c matrix");
        print_matrix(c_mat);

        gl_testmsg("triplex_line: d matrix");
        print_matrix(d_mat);
    }
#endif
}

// IMPLEMENTATION OF CORE LINKAGE: triplex_line

/* This can be added back in after tape has been moved to commit
EXPORT TIMESTAMP commit_triplex_line(OBJECT *obj, TIMESTAMP t1, TIMESTAMP t2)
{
    if ((solver_method==SM_FBS) || (solver_method==SM_NR))
    {
        triplex_line *plink = OBJECTDATA(obj,triplex_line);
        plink->calculate_power_splitphase();
    }
    return TS_NEVER;
}
*/
EXPORT int create_triplex_line(OBJECT **obj, OBJECT *parent)
{
    try
    {
        *obj = gl_create_object(triplex_line::oclass);
        if (*obj!=NULL)
        {
            triplex_line *my = OBJECTDATA(*obj,triplex_line);
            gl_set_parent(*obj,parent);
            return my->create();
        }
        else
            return 0;
    }
    CREATE_CATCHALL(triplex_line);
}

EXPORT TIMESTAMP sync_triplex_line(OBJECT *obj, TIMESTAMP t0, PASSCONFIG pass)
{
    try {
        triplex_line *pObj = OBJECTDATA(obj,triplex_line);
        TIMESTAMP t1 = TS_NEVER;
        switch (pass) {
        case PC_PRETOPDOWN:
            return pObj->presync(t0);
        case PC_BOTTOMUP:
            return pObj->sync(t0);
        case PC_POSTTOPDOWN:
            t1 = pObj->postsync(t0);
            obj->clock = t0;
            return t1;
        default:
            throw "invalid pass request";
        }
    } 
    SYNC_CATCHALL(triplex_line);
}

EXPORT int init_triplex_line(OBJECT *obj)
{
    try {
        triplex_line *my = OBJECTDATA(obj,triplex_line);
        return my->init(obj->parent);
    }
    INIT_CATCHALL(triplex_line);
}

EXPORT int isa_triplex_line(OBJECT *obj, char *classname)
{
    return OBJECTDATA(obj,triplex_line)->isa(classname);
}

EXPORT int recalc_triplex_line(OBJECT *obj)
{
    OBJECTDATA(obj,triplex_line)->recalc();
    return 1;
}

---

GridLAB-D™ Version 4.1

An open-source smart grid simulator created by PNNL for the US Department of Energy Office of Electricity